刑事再审程序改革问题研究

On Reform of Criminal Retrial Procedure

刑事再审程序是“一事不再理原则”的例外,其启动应受启动理由严格性、有利于被告、不告不理等原则限制。我国的再审程序着重于追求实体真实,既判力在我国并没有受到应有的重视,目前其弊端主要表现在再审程序的请求启动主体错位,启动理由缺乏可操作性,启动次数“无限”、时间“不限”、范围“不限”等方面。我国刑事再审制度应对传统的“实事求是”、“不枉不纵”、“有错必纠”等理念进行深刻反思,在此基础上建立中国的刑事再审理论体系,使得包括“一事不再理”在内的一系列诉讼原则得到确立和普遍承认,使得法院裁判的既判力、确定力和终结性等基本观念得到社会各界的广泛认可,使再审程序成为一事不再理原则例外的可操作性程序。

The criminal retrial procedure is an exception to the “double jeopardy” principle, and it should only be started under such restrictions as strict reasonableness, preferential to the prosecuted, no trial without complaint, etc. The retrial procedure in our country stresses substantial truthfulness, and the authority of final judgment has not acquired proper respect. The major defects in our present retrial procedure are： the mal-positioning of applicants, impractical reasons for starting the procedure, limitlessness in terms of the times and time limit of starting the procedure, the scope, and so on. While reforming our criminal retrial procedure, we should reflect on our traditional judicial values such as “seeking truth from facts”, “no perversion of law for the innocent or the guilty”,“any error should be corrected”, etc. , and establish Chinese criminal retrial theoretical system so as to make a series of modern litigious principles widely recognized, try to make the authority of court judgments accepted by the people, and make our retrial procedure as feasible as possible.