河口水Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+)的分析、形式、分布、毒性与生态环境

ANALYSIS, SPECIES, DISTRIBUTION, TOXICITY AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF Cu^(2+) AND Zn^(2+) IN ESTUARINE WATER

生物毒性实验Cu2＋，Zn2+等浓度与生物死亡率相关模式表明，海水中加入的Cu2+，Zn2+等浓度逐渐增高，生物死亡率相应增高；同一浓度下，死亡率随时间（24，48，72，96h）的增加逐步增高。实验加入Cu2+仅1μg／L和Zn2+仅5μg／L本底低浓度时，其毒性即已开始遵循相关模式。因此，比天然水中含量仅高1，2倍的Cu2+、Zn2+，离子的污染及毒性，就足以破坏鱼虾在河口的产卵、孵化及幼体成长。实验证明：河口水中Cu2+允许浓度＜1.5μg／L，Zn2+＜10μg／L。Cd2+与Pb2+，也应低于本底的1倍。生物活性的Cu2+与Zn2+等，可用“无试剂防吸附物理涂汞电极阳极溶出法”分析，以区分“溶解Cu，Zn”中之无毒形式。以“天然水循环中Cu2+，Zn2+等离子均匀分布规律”之浓度为自然本底，就可分析对比污染程度，找出并控制污染源。

A fisheries prerequisite is water quality, especially that of estuarine wat-ers, the original area of flshes and shrimps. The model relating Cu2+, Zn2+ concentrationand organisms death rate shows that organisms mortality increases with Cu2+,Zn2+ concentration. In the same Cu2+, Zn2+ concentration, the organisms mortality in-creases with time (24, 48, 72, 96h). The toxicity follows the model, even if the addi-tional Cu2+(1μg /L) and Zn2+(5μg / L) are as low as the ion baseline in natural water.Therefore, the contamination by Cu2+ and Zn2+ toxicity 1 - 2 times that of naturalbaseline ion concentration can very adversely affect egg laying, hatching and growthof fishes and shrimps in estuarine water. The allowable concentration of Cu2+ andZn2+ in estuarine water should be <1.5μg /L and <10μg / L respectively. Theallowable concentration of Cd2+ and Pb2+ should also be lower than that of 1 time ofthe natural baseline, although their influences are less. Biologically active Cu2+,Zn2+ etc., can be analyzed by the 'Anti-adsorption physically coated mercury filmelectrode without reagent' ASV method to separate the no tokicity species in'Dissolved-Cu, Zn' for comparison with 'Homogeneously distributed Cu2+ andZn2+ in the natural water cycle' as natural ion baseline to show the contamination de-gree and to contro1 its source.