水资源配置模型研究现状与展望

Advance in water allocation model and prospect

针对水资源开发利用面临的问题,阐述了水资源配置的意义和作用,分析了优化和模拟两种常用的水资源配置技术的特点和选用原则,介绍了国内外水资源配置模型的研究现状,评述了几类比较有代表性的水资源配置方法以及相应软件。结合当前水资源领域研究现状和发展方向,论文评述了当前水资源配置模型研究的特点,分析了在天然和人工侧支循环耦合的水资源系统模拟框架下研究水资源配置及相关问题的必要性,并展望了本领域发展趋势。

Water allocation is necessary for water--related decision analysis. In this paper, the significance and funcition of water allocation are descirbed briefly aiming at current problems in water exploitation. Integration with new computation and information technology is a trend in developing water allocation model, several typical water allocation models and corresponding software are introduced and reviewed. Demand--oriented simulation and optimization are two major techniques to solve water allocation model. Therefore, major advantages and differences of the two techniques are compared and the principle to choose water allocation method is discussed. Based on the current situation of research related to water issues, some comments about the study on water allocation are presented. The paper points out, to construct rational and practical water allocation model, relations between natural water cycle and movement of water-exploitation must e taken into account under a uniform framework. Finally, the prospect in this field is put forward according to the discussion.