滇池人工湿地的植物群落学特征研究

AN ECOLOGICAL STUDY ON PLANT COMMUNITY IN ARTIFICIAL WETLAND IN DIANCHI AREA, CHINA

用植物群落生态学方法,研究了滇池小河口的天然湿地以及表流和潜流两种人工湿地的植被群落学特征。研究区内调查发现有12种植物群落,包含有植物17种。结果表明:表流人工湿地的群落多样性大于潜流人工湿地,甚至也大于天然湿地;在两种人工湿地中,植物群落中的层次数比较接近;从植被群落结构来看,在物种多样性和shannon-wiener指数方面表现为潜流人工湿地大于表流人工湿地,天然湿地居中。从天然湿地到表流湿地,再到潜流湿地,随着湿地环境水文条件的变化,植物群落组成与分布状况也在变化,表现出从湿地植物向陆生植物演替的趋势。研究表明两种人工湿地中的芦苇(Phragmites australis)群落长势不同。在人工湿地中适宜构建芦苇群落,在表面流人工湿地植物选择中可以考虑水芹菜(Oenanthe stolonifera)和慈菇(Sagittaria sagittifolia)。人工湿地的水文条件与湿地植物之间的相互关系是人工湿地进一步研究的重要方面。

The role and problem of macrophytes in artificial wetlands for wastewater treatment are very important. Macrophytes are essential for the function of artificial wetland, so it is necessary to study macrophytes in artificial wetland. Using methods in community ecology, plant communities in natural wetland （NW） and in two types of artificial wetland, one being free water surface artificial wetland （FWSAW） and the other subsurface flow artificial wetland （SFAW） were investigated in the present study. The results showed that the landscape of FWSAW was more than that of SFAW in terms of aesthetics. The species diversity of plant community in FWSAW was more than that in SFAW, while natural wetland was between FWSAW and SFAW. The number of community layer in FWSAW was close to that in SFAW. Species diversity and Shannon-Wiener index of plant community in SFAW were more than those in FWSAW. This study supports the basic concept for macrophytes research and plant succession of artificial wetland for wastewater treatment. It is suggested that Sagittaria sagittifolia should be selected to plant in artificial wetland. Sagittaria sagittifolia and Oenanthe stolonifera should be selected to plant in FWSAW.