山东黄河下游区域生态地球化学评价方法技术探讨

Study on Regional Ecological and Geochemical Evaluation Method in Lower Reach of the Yellow River

山东黄河下游区域生态地球化学评价是以多目标区域地球化学调查资料为基础,在5.3万km2范围内按一定的采样密度采集大气干湿沉降、化肥、大宗农作物(小麦、玉米的籽实、茎叶和根系土)样品,分析As,Cd等重金属元素和N,B等有益营养元素含量,研究元素在农业生态系统中的输入、输出通量,进行农业生态系统评价。采集济南、济宁2城市冶金尘、燃煤尘、建筑尘、汽车尾气尘等不同端元组分样品和大气干湿沉降、城市降尘、城市表层土壤样品,进行As,Cd等重金属元素含量及降尘铅同位素组成、粒径和物相分析,研究2城市各类污染物对城市大气和土壤排放量、排放比例和污染程度,评价其对城市生态环境影响。采集黄河、徒骇河、小清河等入海河流的悬浮物、水体、底泥及河流入海口处2 m深柱状样品,分析As,Cd等重金属元素含量,对典型柱状样进行210Pb和137Cs定年,研究重金属元素随时间的变化规律,获取底积物年沉积速率,分析陆源物质对浅海沉积环境变迁的影响,对浅海生态环境安全性进行预警。

On the basis of regional geochemical survey information, regional, ecological and geochemical evaluation in lower reach of the Yellow river is carried out. Within the scope of 5.3 × 10^4 km^2 , and according to certain sampling rate, atmospheric dry and humid sedimentation, fertilizer, agricultural produce samples are collected, contents of heavy metals, such as As an Cd, useful and nourish elements, such as N and B are analysed, input and outpu amounts of elements in agricultural ecological system are studied and agricultural and ecological system evaluation is carried out as well.