牛结核病新型疫苗的研究现状

Current Development of Novel Vaccines Against Bovine tuberculosis

在过去的20年里,人们应用分子生物学技术来研制更为有效的结核病疫苗,新型候选疫苗大量涌现。这些新型疫苗主要包括减毒活疫苗、重组活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和核酸疫苗。对防制牛结核病的各种新型疫苗也进行了相应的研究,并取得了令人振奋的进展。各种新型疫苗各有优缺点。目前看来,重组卡介苗和DNA疫苗被认为是最有前途的候选疫苗。但是,所有候选疫苗共同的也是致命的缺点是免疫保护力低。因此,牛结核病疫苗研制的主要努力方向还是在研究分支杆菌免疫机制和免疫失败原因的基础上,进一步增强现有候选疫苗的免疫效力或研制更为有效的新型疫苗。

In the past two decades, new molecular technologies were used to develop a novel more effective vaccine. New candidate tuberculosis vaccines, including attenuated live vaccine; recombinant live vaccine; subunit protein vaccine and DNA vaccine have increased markedly. Correspondingly, the advent vaccines have been tested in cattle. The candidate vaccines have their own advantages and disadvantages. Given current developments, it is anticipate that recombinant BCG and DNA vaccines are the most promising. However, the shared and fatal disadvantage is their poor protective efficacy. So it is mandatory that a major effort be made to understand how animal body response to M. boris and why vaccines have failed in some cases, so we can develop the next generation of bovine tuberculosis vaccines.