《红楼梦》四季性意象结构的空间意识

Space Consciousness of the Seasons' Imaginable Structure of A Dream of Red Mansions

《红楼梦》四季性意象结构,不仅在时序上呈现出有规律的四季循环,而且在空间上也有它坚实的环境坐标系,呈现出庭院结构的特点。庭院意识与四季意识的融合,构筑起《红楼梦》艺术结构既集中统一又四处伸展,既相对静止又流动变化的立体综合思维态势,充分体现出中国人传统素朴的整体观念和求统一的思维方式以及“天人合一”的思想,具有辩证综合、互补相济、直觉意象的特征,从而打破了旧小说单纯以结构故事为中心的单线推进式的平面性结构格局。大观园的四时气象主要通过梦之夏的铺陈来渲染出贾家的富贵繁盛,从而与梦之秋冬阶段的萧条空荡形成艺术上的极大反差,即一极热一极冷,一喜一悲,互为反衬,呈现出小说四季阴阳正反对比式结构,显得既博大万象又寓意深远。在四季性意象思维中,小说通过巧妙凝聚中国传统文化的园林意识,抒情性地而又画面生动地将对社会、人生和自然宇宙的思考有机贯通起来,达到了情深、景美、理透三者融合无间的至高境界。

The seasons＇ imaginable structure of A Dream of Red Mansions presents not only the regular cycle of the seasons in time order but also the features of the structure of garden＇s style with its solid environmental coordinate system in space, The blending of the garden consciousness and the one of the seasons builds A Dream of Red Mansions＇ artistic structure which is both centralized and extensive in all directions. The stereoscopic and comprehensive state of thinking, which is both relatively static and floating and changing, fully reflects the Chinese＇ s wholly traditional and simple ideas and the mode of thinking to seek for unity and the idea of the unity of man and nature. It is characterized by dialectical unity, mutual support and intuitive image, which breaks the plane structure of single line＇ s push of old novels that is simply centralized on structural plot. Mainly through the elaboration of the dream＇s summer, the seasons＇ phenomena of Daguanyuan exaggerates Family Jia＇s high position and great wealth which is in great contrast to the desolation of the dream＇s autumn and winter. That is to say, the contrast between extreme hot and extreme cold, grief and joy presents the contrast structure of the novel＇ s seasons＇ pros and cons and shows its broad and profound and pregnant meanings. In the seasons＇ imaginable thought, through cleverly condensing the garden consciousness of China＇s traditional culture, the novel expressively and vividly links up its author＇s thought of society, life and nature and reaches the supreme realm of the close blending of deep affection, beautiful scenery and thorough analysis.