纳米相增强铜基复合材料制备技术的研究进展

Research on preparation technology of nano-reinforced copper matrix composites

综述了原位反应合成法、内氧化法、大塑性变形法、机械合金化法、粉末冶金法5类制备工艺的机理、特点和研究现状。原位反应合成法具有浸润性好,界面清洁等优点,但制备工艺成本高,不适于规模化生产;内氧化工艺简单、成本低,但容易造成组织缺陷;大塑性变形工艺可制备粒度可控性好,界面清洁的复合材料,但粒度分布不均匀;机械合金化工艺简单易行、产量高,但粒径分布宽,易混入杂质;粉末冶金工艺制得的产品界面反应少、分布均匀、可以进行机加工,但生产工艺复杂、成本高,复合材料界面容易受到污染。最后还探讨了纳米相增强铜基制备技术未来的发展趋势。

The mechanisms, characteristics, and the current status development of the fasbricating techniques, which include insitu synthesis, internal oxidation, severe plastic deformation, mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy are generally analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are estimated. In-situ synthesis has fine soakage and cleaning interface, but fabricating cost is much higher and unfit for large-scale produstion. Internal oxidation is simple and has lower cost, but easy to cause worse structure. Severe plastic deformation can make controlling granularity but not homogenous and less range and cleaning interface. Mechanical alloying is a simple technique, high output, but granularity distributes asymmetry and impurity exists. The product of powder metallurgy has less interfacial reaction and distributes even, but fabricating technics is complex, high cost and the interface is easy to be contaminated. Furthermore, The future development trend of preparation techniques is discussed.