高硒与疾病关系的研究进展

The advance of relationship between excessive selenium and diseases

硒是人和动物生命过程中必需的微量营养素。但是当机体含硒量超过正常生理需求时,就会引发一系列的疾病。硒中毒包括急性硒中毒和慢性硒中毒。前者一般在临床上比较罕见,其症状主要是呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、心力衰竭,甚或死亡。而后者主要是以中枢神经为主的盲目蹒跚型和硫酸代谢障碍角质素分解坏死为主的碱质病型。目前,职业性环境硒污染在慢性硒中毒中占有相当的比例。鉴于如此情况,有必要采取相应的措施,完善不同种类的硒中毒的防治:1)应及时明确急性硒中毒的诊断,强化和优化抢救方法和措施;2)对地方性慢性硒中毒,设法改善人和畜类的工作及生活环境,在有条件的地方要改良土壤即改变地质结构,加强职业性慢性硒中毒防治劳保配套措施;3)加大对硒中毒的防治宣传力度,加强受威胁人口的忧患意识,做到早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗。

The selenium is the necessary micro-nutrient in the living processes of human and of animals. However, when it exceeds the amount of body metabolic capability, may result in a number of diseases called Selenium Poisoning,including the acute one and the chronic one. The acute one is infrequent, with its symptoms of vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and even heart failure, and death, While the chronic one results in the blind-limp disease mainly in the central nerves and the alkali disease with the features of sulfate-metabolizing-hindered-cutin＇s cataboolism and necrosis. At the present, quite a few chronic cases are belong to the vocational diseases due to the occupational exposure. In viewing this reason, the measures to cope with selenium,Poisonings are： 1）To diagnose accurately and timely and cure the acute cases with some proper rescue measurements. 2）To the endemic cases, it is wanted to improve working and living the conditions, to meliorate the soil and the geologic structure, and to reinforce the related protection measurements to prevent vocational Selenium Poisoning. 3）To propagate the knowledge about preventing Selenium Poisoning to the ordinary people, especially to the people who live near the endamic area, so as to strengthen their self-consciousness in order to diagnose the patients early and cure them in time.