论金代文学中所表现的“中国”意识和华夏正统观念

The "Inner China" Feelings and the Orthodox Hua Xia Concept in the Literature of Jin Dynasty

宋、金对峙时期,双方都以华夏正统自居。南宋一方,由于遭到金的侵略,退处半壁江山,因而爱国主义高涨。而在金朝内部,伴随着整体性汉化的趋势,同时因为证明其统治中原地区合法性的需要,也产生了“中国”意识和华夏正统观念。这种思想意识在金代文学中有着系统而鲜明的表现。金代文学表现“中国”意识和华夏正统观念大致可分为三个阶段:一、熙宗、海陵二朝,汉化的开展与政治统治的需要催生了华夏正统意识,这种意识一产生,便在诗文作品中有所表现;二、世宗、章宗二朝,汉化的完成和“文治”盛世的出现,使得华夏正统意识空前高涨,甚至出现了自居华夏正统而视南宋为“蛮”、“夷”的极端思想,这些思想意识在当时的代表性作家那里有鲜明的反映;三、卫绍王、宣宗、熙宗三朝,由于中原地区受蒙古、南宋的双向进攻,金人的“中国”意识和华夏正统观念不弱反强,在亡国之际大放光芒。这种光芒投射到了元好问等一批金末文学家的反映沧桑之变的作品里,而元好问编纂《中州集》更表明金人的这种思想意识已经得以升华。这种思想意识最终为南宋遗民所认同。

The royal government of Jin Dynasty had regarded themselves as an orthodox Hua Xia dynasty while Song and Jin were confronting each other in military and politics. The “Inner China” F Feelings and the Orthodox Hua Xia Concept were bred up inside the Jin Dynasty with the historical trend of merging into Han Nationality of all people in China. The feeling and the concept could also help prove the legality of the rule of Inner China by Jin Dynasty. The orthodox concept was very systematic and distinct and was displayed in three stages in the literature of Jin Dynasty. The concept owned by the governors of Jin had met its distillation in the Collection of Zhong Zhou written and compiled by YUAN Haowen, while the concept was finally acknowledged and accepted by the survivors of Nan Song Dynasty.