理论预测与科学找矿——以西藏冈底斯斑岩铜矿为例

Theoretical Prediction and Scientific Exploration: The Gangdese Porphyry Copper Deposits in Tibet as An Example

近年来在西藏冈底斯构造成矿带发现了多个以斑岩铜矿为主的大型和超大型矿床,这些矿床均形成于青藏高原板内隆升过程,主要成矿年龄为17～15 Ma,其矿床类型、矿床规模、成矿部位和成矿时代与作者10 a前的理论预测结果基本吻合.突破板块碰撞造山和板块碰撞成矿模式,按大陆动力学和成矿动力学的新思路,认为冈底斯斑岩铜矿形成于特提斯开合转换、板块碰撞造陆之后的晚新生代构造隆升、下地壳层流、板内造山、地壳增厚、热隆伸展的动力改造成矿过程.加强基础地质研究、倡导创新科学思维、发展地质与成矿理论对于中国西部的找矿勘探具有十分重要的作用.

Many large and superlarge porphyry copper deposits found in the Gangdese tectono-metallogenic belt, Tibet in the recent years were formed by intraplate uplift processes of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau during 17-15 Ma. The tyPe,scale,location and era of the deposits are in accordance with the results theoretically forecasted ten years ago. According to the new ideas of continental dynamic and metallogenic dynam-ics rather than traditional model of plate collision orogeny and plate collision metallogeny,the author suggests that the Gangdese porphyry copper deposits could have been formed by dynamic reformed metallogeny processes related to late Cenozoic tectonic uplift,laminar flow of lower crust,intraplate orogeny, crustal thickening,thermal uplifting extension after tethys closure,plate collision epeirogeny. To strengthen basic geology study, to the innovation of scientific thinking to develop geologic and metallogenic theory plays a major role in exploration West China.