装修所致室内空气污染对健康的影响

Health damage of indoor air pollution by decoration on residents

目的通过对新装修住宅的室内空气质量检测和居民健康状况调查,研究室内空气污染物对居民健康的危害。方法检测159户新装修6月～1年的居室室内空气中甲醛、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)、氨和放射性氡的浓度,并用问卷调查居民的健康状况。以各个污染物浓度是否超过国家标准分组分析其对居民健康的影响。结果超标组和达标组室内空气中甲醛浓度分别为(0.170±0.075)mg m3,(0.064±0.022)mg m3;TVOC超标组和TVOC达标组室内空气中TVOC浓度分别为(2.033±1.161)mg m3,(0.271±0.142)mg m3。甲醛超标组居民疲劳、恶心、眼部刺激症状、鼻部刺激症状、喉咙干燥、皮肤干燥、皮肤骚痒、皮肤红肿的阳性率均明显高于甲醛达标组(均P<0.05)。TVOC超标组居民恶心、皮肤骚痒、胸闷气短3个指标阳性率明显高于TVOC达标组(均P<0.05)。结论装修可致室内空气中甲醛和TVOC超标,并可引起明显居民恶心、眼部刺激症状和皮肤刺激等症状,严重损害了居民健康。

Objective To explore the health damage of indoor air pollution on residents by detecting the major indoor air pollutants and surveying the health indexes of residents. Methods 159 decorated houses were divided into 2 groups by whether the concentration of formaldehyde exceeded national standard. To analyze the health damage of formaldehyde and TVOC on residents, respectively. Results The concentrations of formaldehyde of the over standard group and the corresponding under standard group were （0.170 ± 0. 075 ）mg/m^3 and （0. 064 ±^ 0.022）mg/m3 , the concentrations of TVOC of the over standard group and the corresponding under standard group were（2.033 ± 1.161 ）mg/m^3 and （0.271 ± 0.142 ） mg/m^3 . The incidence of the fatigue, nausea, eye symptoms, symptoms of nose, throat dessication, skin dessication, skin itching sensation and red swelling of the skin of the over standard group was significantly increased than that of the corresponding under standard group（ P 〈 0.05） . The incidence of the nausea, skin itching sensation and breathe hard of the TVOC over standard group was significantly increased than that of the corresponding under standard group （ P 〈 0.05） . Conclusion Formaldehyde or TVOC will cause severe health damage.