中国成年人膳食质量的影响因素分析

Relative factors effecting dietary quality of Chinese adults

目的通过分析膳食摄入不足和摄入过量的影响因素,为进一步改善中国居民的膳食质量提供依据.方法选取2002年中国居民营养与健康调查28320名18～59岁成年人膳食调查及询问调查数据.采用平衡膳食指数评价人群的膳食质量,应用多元逐步回归分析方法,分别以正端分(DBI_LBS)及负端分(DBI_HBS)为因变量,以住户特征变量及个人特征变量为自变量,分析膳食摄入不足和膳食摄入过量的影响因素.结果年龄、性别、文化程度、在业情况、家庭收入、家庭人口数、高血压、血脂异常、吸烟、体育锻炼、看电视时间、阅读时间、地区进入DBI_LBS回归模型,是影响膳食摄入不足的主要因素.性别、在业情况、家庭收入、家庭人口数、民族、糖尿病、吸烟、体育锻炼、看电视时间、阅读时间、做饭时间、地区进入DBI_HBS的回归模型,是影响膳食摄入过量的主要因素.

Objective To investigate the relative factors of dietary under and over intakes, then provide information for improving dietary quality of Chinese adults. Methods A Sample of 28320 adult aged 18 - 59 years who had completed 3 day dietary information and basic information were selected from 2002 National Nutrition and Health Survey. DBI_ LBS （Dietary Balance Index Lower Bound Score） and DBI_ HBS （Dietary Balance Index Higher Bound Score） were calculated to reflect the extent of under and over intake. Logistic muhiple regression models were developed to identify factors characterizing under and over intake. Factors examined included the family characteristics and personal information. Results The main factors that effected dietary under intake were age, gender, educational level, employment, income, family number, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, exercise, television viewing time, leisure reading time and domicile region, while gender, employment, income, family number, nation, diabetes, smoking, exercise, television viewing time, leisure reading time, cooking time, and domicile region were main factors that effected the dietary over intake of Chinese adults.