南漳县艾滋病流行病学调查分析

Epidemiological Surveillance of HIV/AIDS in Nanzhang County of Hubei Province

目的探讨湖北省南漳地区艾滋病的流行特点与趋势及其预防措施。方法以湖北省南漳县散发的艾滋病患者为线索,对密切接触者以及有卖血或输血史的高危人群分期分批抽血筛查,经ELISA法检测抗-HIV,再经免疫印迹法确证。出现临床症状者诊断为AIDS,余为HIV感染者。结果从1996-2004-03,全县共发现HIV感染者和AIDS病人156例。其中发病98例, 死亡68例。全县11个镇中10个镇均有病例报告。男95例,女61例,年龄2-63岁,以21-45岁青壮年农民为主。主要经血液、性、母婴三个途径传播,经血液传播(卖血、输血)129例,占82.7%,其中经输血感染56例,占血液感染传播的43.4%,经性传播23例,占14.7%,经母婴传播4例,占2.6%。结论南漳县艾滋病流行源于1995前后农民参与跨县、跨省地下非法采血浆(卖血)和医疗输血感染所至。目前正处于快速增长期,由原来卖血、输血高危人群感染逐渐向普通人群播散,性传播和母婴传播不断增多,必须采取综合治理措施加以控制。

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics and epidemic trends of HIV/AIDS among the paid blood donors and risk factors in Nanzhang County of Hubei Province, and the measure to prevent it, Methods The data were obtained from the database of the AIDS of Nanzhang centre of disease control（ 1996- 2003） and from the serological experiments（active monitoring） in the paid blood or plasma donors and a throng of people with risk factors （2004）. Anti - HIV was tested with ELISA twice and attested further with Western blot. Results A total of 156 cases of HIV/AIDS were diagnosed from 1996 to 2004. Of 156 patients with HIV/AID,95 were male and 61 female. They ages varied from 2 to 63 years. Over 80% of the patients were poor peasants aged from 21 to 45 years. Sixty-eight patients died in 98 patients with AIDS. Ten of eleven small towns in the County were involved in HIV/AIDS. Of 129 patients（82.7% ） who were irfected with HIV/AIDS through blood,56 （43.4%） were blood donee and 73（56.6% ） were the paid blood ot plasma donors. Twenty-three patients（ 14.7% ） were sexually infected and four（2.6% ） through mother-child. Conclusions The epidemics of HIV/AIDS in Nanzhang sourced from the province to province activities of illegal paid plasma picking and some clinic medical transfusion in the middle of 1990s＇. Nowadays, sexual and mother-child transmission has taken place in more and mere people. The all- round prevention strategies were necessary to control the transmission of AIDS.