电子测量仪器信道噪声的对消

On the Noise Silencing in the Channel of Electronic Measuring Apparatus

在现代电子测量技术中,通过传感器可以将各种物理量转换为电信号进行分析处理.电信号进入电子测量仪器信道进行放大、处理,这一过程不可避免地会受到各种噪声的干扰,这些噪声叠加在有用信号上,必然会降低测量结果的准确度和可信度.在这些噪声中,加性噪声具有普遍性和不可避免性,加性噪声的3种主要存在形式:热噪声、散弹噪声和宇宙噪声,这3种噪声都是高斯噪声,在相当宽的频率范围内具有平坦的功率谱密度,据此可以利用噪声自身在信道中进行消除,在信号放大通路中,利用回程期间存储噪声信号,正程时进行噪声消除,在工程实际电路的实现中,电路的形式和元器件的选择对性能的影响,要进行调试,对其中应注意的问题提出了解决方法,最后给出了实际应用中的结论性结果.

In the modem technology of electron measurement, all kinds of physical quantities can be analyzed through transducer by converting them into signals. The process of amplifying and treating signals in the channel of electron measurement will be unavoidably disturbed by various noises which, once added up on useful signals, are certain to lower the accuracy and validity of the results measured. Among these noises, a popular and inevitable noise, additive noise, is analyzed in the paper through its three forms： thermal noise, shot noise and cosmic noise. Based on this, the paper then puts forward the theory of noise silencing in the channel and proves its feasibility and realization in the real electric circuits. By giving some solutions to problems, the paper ends with a conclusive result in the real practice.