不同冠温特征小麦的籽粒灌浆特性及内源激素的变化

Relationship of Grain Filling Characteristics and Endogenous Hormones Content of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars with Different Canopy Temperature Character in Filling Stage

为阐明小麦冠层温度与其籽粒灌浆特性、内源激素变化的关系,2001～2003年对黄淮麦区及河南省推广的30个小麦品种冠温特征、籽粒灌浆特性和籽粒发育过程中内源激素(玉米素ZR、赤霉素GA3、生长素IAA、脱落酸ABA)含量及比值的变化进行了研究.结果表明,豫麦50在灌浆后期冠层温度明显降低,表现为冷尾型;豫麦34和豫麦70在灌泉后期冠层温度有上升的趋势,表现为暖尾型.在灌浆末期冷尾型与暖尾型小麦冠层温度相差超过2.5℃.冷尾型豫麦50强、弱势粒的最大灌浆速率、平均灌浆速率和渐增期、快增期、缓增期的灌浆速率均大于暖尾型豫麦34、豫麦70;强势粒的激素含量变化及其比值变化规律性明显,弱势粒表现的规律性不如强势粒.冷尾型豫麦50强势粒ZR、IAA、GA3含量峰值均高于豫麦34、豫麦70,其ZR/ABA、GA3/ABA、IAA/ABA峰值亦高于暖尾型豫麦70和豫麦34,而ABA含量在灌浆中期上升快,且高峰值大于豫麦70和豫麦34,达到高峰后下降较快;在弱势粒中,豫麦50上述各种激素含量仍保持较高状态.

In order to study the relationship between grain filling characteristics and endogenous hormone of winter wheat and to provide reference for increasing grain weight and yield of winter wheat, the dynamic changes of grain filling characteristics and endogenous hormone of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L. ） cultivars with different canopy temperature character in filling stage were studied in Henan in 2001～2003. The results indicated that the canopy temperature of 3 Henan cultivars varied in the filling period, especially in the late stage. The canopy temperature of Yumai 50 tended to descend and presented as cold tail type. The canopy temperature of Yumai 34 and Yumai 70 tended to rise and presented as warm tail type. And the difference between cold and warm tail type could be beyond 2.5℃. There were differences of grain filling parmeters among cultivars with different canopy temperature character. Maxium filling rate and average filling rate and the filling rates in gradually increasing stage,fast stage ,slow stage of Yumai 50 were higher than that of Yumai 34 and Yumai 70. The changes of endogenesis hormone of cold tail type wheat was different with that of warm tail type. There were obviouse orderly changes of endogenous hormones in superior grains than ones in inferior of 3 cultivars with different canopy temperature chracter. The peaks of ZR, IAA, and GA3 content and ZR/ABA,GA3/ABA,IAA/ABA of Yumai 50 were higher than that of other two cultivars. ABA content of Yumai 50 went up quickly and its peak was higher than that of warm tail type wheat, then descend quickly.