不同水肥条件下冬小麦的干物质积累、产量及水氮利用效率

Effect of Different Nitrogen-fertilization Managements on Dry Matter Accumulation and Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Winter Wheat

为了给冬小麦种植中合理水肥管理提供依据,以京冬8号为试验材料,研究了不同水肥管理模式对冬小麦干物质积累、产量及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,与传统水肥相比,优化水肥、秸秆还田优化水肥的冬小麦全生育期干物质积累总量和经济系数均有所提高,物质生产结构较优;单位面积收获穗数有所增加,穗粒数显著减少,千粒重显著提高,籽粒产量有所增加;水分利用效率无显著性差异,氮肥当季利用率显著提高。与优化水肥相比,秸秆还田优化水肥有利于增加单位面积籽粒产量,是种植冬小麦的最佳模式。

Experiments on the relationship of optimized irrigation fertilization with crop residues were conducted. The results showed that total dry matter accumulation amounts and economic coefficients were slightly increased, matter production structure were optimized, ear number per unit area insignificantly increased , grain number per ear were greatly reduced, weight of 1000 grains were significantly increased. There were indistinct difference in water use efficiency and significantly higher nitrogen use efficiency, compared with the traditional irrigation fertilization. In addition, in comparison with the optimized irrigation fertilization, the optimized irrigation fertilization combined with crop residues was beneficial to increase grain yield per unit area and was the best cultivation model for the winter wheat.