人工入化与自然天成——江西派诗学与严羽诗学比较研究之四

Artlessness vs.Naturalness——Comparative Studies of Jiangxi School Poetics and Yan Yu's Poetics Ⅳ

严羽对气象浑厚的推崇,几乎贯穿整部《沧浪诗话》,并多次指斥江西诗派乏浑厚气象。江西诗派很强调法度,从语词的锤炼到句法的安排,都要精研细究,致不少作品有雕琢之痕。但在主观意识上、在理论追求中,江西诗派和严羽有着相同的归趣,即气象浑厚;只是在臻至这一目标的道路选择上,他们表现出不同的取向:江西诗派倡导由人工而入化,严羽崇尚任自然而天成。

Yan Yu＇s canonization of natural verve can be found almost throughout the whole work of Cang Lang Shi Hua, in which Yan had frequently criticized that Jiangxi Poetical School lacked the natural verve. Since Jiangxi Poetical School emphasized rules, and was fastidious with everything from diction to grammar, their poems seemed rather artificial. However, Jiangxi Poetical School and Yan Yu didn＇ t differ so much in their subjective consciousness and theories, as they shared the same poetic interest： naturalness. Their difference lay in their choice of different ways to realize their aim ： Jiangxi Poetical School would like to elevate poetic art to naturalness while Yan Yu believed poetry should be natural from the very beginning.