胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔生长特征研究

A Study on the Growth Characteristics of the Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Jiaozhou Bay

为对胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔增养殖业的可持续发展提供技术支持,2004年5～9月,通过对胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔进行定点采样调查和生物学特性测定,分析研究了菲律宾蛤仔的生长特征.结果表明:近几年胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔的底播增殖,苗种平均体重0.26g、壳长11.1mm;1～3龄期间个体生长速度较快,1～2龄、2～3龄,体重分别增长3.88g和4.02g;1～2龄生物量增长最快,2～3龄由于死亡率提高,使生物量增长缓慢;壳长、壳高、壳宽与体重关系式分别为y=0.000 2x3.053 3,y=0.000 4x3.088 6,y=0.005 3x2.683 4,壳高、壳宽与壳长关系式分别为y=0.667 4x+0.305 9,y=0.457 5x-0.967 8;1～3龄蛤仔软体部的生长速度快于贝壳,5～6月份是菲律宾蛤仔的肥育期.由个体生长特性分析,3龄为最佳采捕年龄,从生物量上分析,采捕2龄蛤收益最高;6月是最佳的捕获季节.

From May to September 2004, the short-necked clams（Ruditapes philippinarurn ） were sampled at the fixed sites in Jiaozhou Bay and their biological characteristics were measured, to investigate the growth characteristics of the species. The study showed that the short-necked clam seedlings that were mainly from Fujian Province had an average body weight of 0.26g, and an average shell length of 11. 1mm. The clams grew fast between ages 1 and 3, the weight increases were 3.88g and 4.02g for the age 1 and age 2 animals, respectively. The biomass of age 1 group showed the fastest growth rate. After age 2, increased mortality slowed the biomass increase. The relationships between body weight on the one hand and shell-length, shell-height and shell-width on the other were y = 0.000 2x^3.0533, y = 0. 000 4x^3.0886, and y = 0.005 3x^2.6834 respectively. The relationships between shell-height and shell-width on the one hand and shell-length on the other were y = 0. 667 4x ＋ 0. 305 9 and y = 0. 457 5x - 0. 967 8, respectively. The tissues grew faster than the shell between age 1 and age 3, and May and June were the feeding period for the short-necked clam. According to the analysis of individual growth the best harvest age was age 3, but according to the analysis of the highest biomass output the best age was age 2. The best catching period was June.