紧急避险车道在美国山区公路上的应用

Truck Escape Ramp Application on Mountain Area Roads in USA

紧急避险车道作为道路的一个组成部分,它的应用在我国尚处于起步阶段,我国还没有如何设计紧急避险车道的相关规范与指南。紧急避险车道已经在美国广泛应用了近五十年,其应用实践证明对提高道路交通安全和减少交通事故经济损失具有重要的意义。本文在对美国紧急避险车道的起源、界定的基础上,详细介绍了紧急避险车道必要性的考虑因素,并介绍了紧急避险车道的组成部分,而且,分别从平面、纵断面、端部以及路床材料方面进行了详细的介绍。

Truck Escape Ramp （TER） is used to hold heavy vehicles on severe grades when their brake powers are insufficient, and has been used in the USA for over fifty years. Its application showed great significance in the improvement of highway safety performances and the reduction of accident costs. However, the usage of TER in China has just started and China lacks related design standards and guidelines. Therefore, the successful experience of TER in the USA may be used for reference in China. After an introduction of the TER definition, types and chronicle in USA, this paper focuses on the factors in detail considered in determiningTERneeds, the composition of a typical TER, and the design details of its components, including the geometrics, end treatments, roadway surface materials, etc. It also gives some recommendations for the further application of TER according to China＇ s regional situations.