抗日战争与文化嬗变——抗战时期陈独秀关于中国文化路径的思考

The Anti-Japanese War and the Transmutation of Culture——Chen Duxiu's Thoughts on the Orientation of Chinese Culture During the Anti-Japanese War Period

抗日战争时期,在对苏俄、德意、英美和世界各国近代文明进行冷静比较研究的基础上,陈独秀对于中国文化更新的路径问题作了新的思考。他提出,改造和提升民族精神,是中国文化更新的根本目标;社会嬗变与精神自省,是文化更新的两大条件;主动汲取西方现代文明,则是文化更新的基本路径。在“中学”与“西学”两大文化思潮激烈斗争之际,陈独秀无所避忌地举擎“欧化”旗帜,对那种借口“国情”、“中国特点”,实则是拒绝现代民主制和市场法则、害怕自由主义思潮进入的政治势力以及狭隘的文化自是、排他心态予以坚决抨击。陈独秀对中国文化发展路径的这一新思考,实为数十年后中国社会主义改革的理论先声,值得今人反思与回味。

During the Anti - Japanese War Period, on the basis of objective comparisons on the progresses of civilizations of the Former Soviet Union of Russia, Germany and Italy, United Kingdom of Great Britain and others eountries of the world in modem limes, Chen Duxiu gets some new thoughts on the issues of innovations and reforms of Chinese Cultures. He puts forward that to reform and arouse the National Spirit is the fundamental goal to innovate Chinese Cultures; The transmutation of the Society and the Confession of the Spirits are the two chief condilions of Cultural innovations; and to derive the essence from the modem western eivilizafion is the workable thought of eultural innovations. On the great eonfliclion of the two main cultural thoughts between the“ Chinese Academic School” and the “Western Academic School”, Chen Duxiu raises high of the banner of the “ Westernization” and fights severely against the attitudes toward the excuse of “ National Conditions” and “ China＇ s Characteristics”, which, in fact, is to object modem democratic system and the market laws and being afraid of the input of liberalism to political powers and the narrow - mindedness and self- pride of one＇ s cultures and exclusiveness. Chen＇ s new thoughts on Chinese cultural orientation becomes the theoretic foresight of China＇ s socialist reform of some decades later, which should be called to the mind and pondered by people nowadays.