种子年产度检验技术研究 Ⅰ.不同年产度种子的发芽力和活力的变化

Changes of viability and vigor in Seeds of Different Harvested Ages

不同年产度的种子无论在食用价值上,还是作为播种的品质上均有很大差异。目前,国内对种子年产度检验技术的研究几乎还是空白。在收购和进出口种子时,对种子年产度缺乏科学的鉴别技术。为了使我国的种子检验技术趋于完善,提高进出口种子的质量。几年来,我们对油类、蛋白质类以及淀粉类种子进行研究,探讨不同年产度种子的活力及其生理生化的变化。本文主要报道常规和逆境发芽法检验不同年产度种子的活力变化。

Vigor of soybean seeds was markedly decreased during storage.The germina- tion percentage of soybean seeds was lower than 50% when it was stored longer than one year.As for sesame seeds and mung bean seeds,the difference of ger- mination percentage betwen seeds stored wihin a year and seeds stored longer than one year was not so conspicuous.The stress germination tests (during initial imbl- bition treated with low or high temperature)were more available to be used in ide- ntifying the harvested ages of these seeds. In sesame seeds soaked at 5℃ for 2 days before germinated at 28℃ for 3 days the germination percentage of seeds stored within a year decreased by 2.6% and the vigor index decreased by 22.1%,while the germination percentage of seeds stored longer than one year decreased by 49.6% and the vigor index decreased by 76.6% as compared with control.In mung bean seeds soaked at 5℃ for 2 days before ge rminated at 28℃ for 3 days the germination percentage of seeds stored within a year decreased by 19.4% and the vigor index decreased by 39.3%,while the ger- mination percentage of seeds stored longer than one year decreased by 51.3% and the vigor index decreased by 87.8% as compared with the control. In sesame seeds soaked at 50℃ for 2 hours before germinated at 28℃ for 3days the germination percentage of seeds stored within a year decreased by 19.5% and the vigor index decreased by 42.8%,while the germination percentage of seeds stored longer than one year decreased by 61.5% and the vigor index decreased by 90.8% as compared with the control.In mung bean seeds soaked at 50℃ for 30 minutes before germinated at 28℃ for 3 days the vigor index stored within a year acreased by 10.3%,while that of seeds stored longer than one year decreased by 45% as compared with the control.