黄河水资源矛盾及其出路探讨

Water Resource Contradictions in Yellow River and Its Settlement

针对黄河水资源日益紧张的状况，分析了龙羊峡和刘家峡水库蓄水对黄河下游的影响，提出了解决缺水问题的几条出路：①黄河上游水库群应从整体利益出发，尽可能满足水资源综合利用的要求，龙羊峡水库远在上游，其运行应重点考虑发电，而刘家峡水库应减少冬季泄量，更多地考虑宁蒙河段防凌、灌溉和防洪要求；②应促使大柳树反调节水库尽快兴建；③小浪底水库建成后，应以保证下游防洪、供水和减淤为主，而三门峡水库则应以防止库尾淤积为主，达到水库联合调水调沙的目的；④早日开工建设西线南水北调工程；⑤为了使黄河水资源得到更合理的利用，必须对全流域水沙进行统一管理。

imed at the shortage of water resource in Yellow River,this paper analyzed the influence of retaining water in reserviors of Longyangxia and Liujiaxia to lower reaches of Yellow River, and the following treatments have to be promoted to solve the problem: (1)The operation of reserviors in upper reaches of Yellow River should consider the entire region and meet the demands of comprehensive utilization of water resource. Longyangxia reservior is far in the upperreaches,the operation should focus on electricity generation,and the operation of Liujiaxia reseryior should decrease discharge out in winter and pay more attention in irrigation,and icicle and flood provention in Ningxia to Inner Mongolia reach.(2) Re-regulation reservior of Daliushu should put into construction as soon as possible.(3)After Xiaolangdi reservior built up,the operation should focus on flood provention,water supply and sediment deduction in lower reaches,and that of Sanmengxia reservior concentrate on the siltation deduction at its upper end,in order to achieve the objective of water and sediment realignment by reserviors combination operation.(4) The diversion project of water from Yangtz River to Yellow River in western line should start soon.(5)Unified management should be applied to water and sediment in the whole basin to make more reasonable utilization of the water resource in Yellow River.