肥胖青少年脑力作业负荷后注意能力变化特点

Variational Characteristics of Attention Ability Under Mental Workload in Obese Adolescents

目的通过观察脑力负荷前后肥胖青少年划消试验及视觉追踪测验完成速度、正确率的变化,探讨肥胖青少年注意能力的特点.方法对选取的250名研究对象进行体成分测定,以体脂百分比作为划分肥胖的标准,共选取肥胖及对照82对.以瑞文标准推理测试、韦氏智力量表中部分项目测试60～70min作为脑力作业负荷,负荷前、后分别进行划消试验和视觉追踪测验,统计划消试验的阅读速度、错误率、脑力工作能力指数(IMC),统计视觉追踪试验的完成时间及正确数,分析脑力作业负荷对肥胖组和对照组各指标的影响及2组间的差异,分析肥胖青少年注意能力的特点.结果脑力作业负荷后,肥胖组划消试验阅读速度、脑力工作能力指数明显下降,错误率明显升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),视觉追踪测验完成时间显著增加;而对照组划消试验阅读速度、IMC、视觉追踪测验的正确数在脑力负荷后差异无显著性(P＞0.05).脑力作业负荷后,肥胖组阅读速度、IMC均低于对照组,错误率高于对照组(P＜0.05),视觉追踪测验完成时间显著长于对照组.结论相比于正常青少年,肥胖青少年在同样强度的脑力负荷后,注意能力下降明显.

Objective To observe the changes of reading velocity and mistake rate in Number Cancellation Test and Visual Tracking Test before and after giving mental workload, and to explore variational characteristics of attention ability in obese adolescents. Methods Body Composition Test was condueted among 250 objects, 82 pairs of obesity and control were chosen according to PBF. Presenting subjects manipulated mental workload with five tests, ineluding Raven＇ s Standard Progressive Matrices （ R＇SPM ） and four subtests of Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Chinese-Children revision （C- WISC ） in 60 to 70 minutes. Reading velocity, mistake rate, index of mental capacity （IMC） in Number Cancellation Test and test time, the fight number of tracking lines in Visual Tracking Test were calculated and compared between the two groups. Results After mental workload, reading velocity and IMC decreased, test time prolonged significantly in obese group. On the contrary, in controlled group, on significant differences were found in these indices. After mental workload, compared with control group, lower reading velocity and IMC were found in obese group, mistake rate was higher（P〈0.05）, and test time was significantly longer than normal ones. Condusion Compared with normal weight adolescents, attention ability in obese ones decrease after giving them special mental workload.