水溶性量子点的制备及应用

Preparation and Application of Water-Soluble Quantum Dots

高量子产率的水溶性量子点在众多领域如发光晶体、薄膜光激发器件,尤其是生物荧光标记中展现出巨大的潜在应用价值。量子点荧光明亮、稳定,激发光谱宽,发射光谱窄,且发射波长可通过改变材料的粒径大小和组成来调控,因而在生物样本尤其是活组织的多色成像中极为有用,能有效避免因样本自身发光和光散射导致的信号干扰。量子点的研究已成为一门新兴的交叉科学,是目前最有吸引力的研究领域之一。近年来,水溶性量子点作生物荧光标记物的研究取得了长足的进展。本文简述了量子点的结构特征及光学特性,重点综述了水溶性量子点的制备方法及应用研究进展,特别是它在生物、医学中作荧光探针的最新研究。

Water-soluble quantum dots （QDs）with high photo-I quantum efficiency have shown great potentials in photonic crystals, thin-film light-emitting devices, and especially biological labels. Since QDs are bright, photo-stable and have a broad excitation spectrum but a narrow emission at wavelengths controllable by the size and the composition of the material, they allow for efficient multicolor imaging of biological samples and should be especially useful for fluorescence imaging in living tissues, where signals can be obscured by scattering and competing intrinsic emissions. QDs have become one of the most attractive areas of current research and a new kind of interdisciplinary science. Recently, valuable progress has been achieved in water-soluble QDs as fluorescent biological labels. In this paper, structural and optical properties of QDs are introduced, recent developments with preparation and applications of water-soluble QDs are reviewed, especially as fluorescent probes in biology and biomedicine.