国外木本植物抗寒性测定方法综述

Review on Methods for Measuring Frost Hardiness in Woody Plants Abroad

文中对目前国外采用的不同抗寒性测定方法的测定原理、测定程序以及优缺点等作了较为详细的介绍。这些测定方法有全株冰冻测试法(组织褐变法)、电解质渗出率法、叶绿素荧光法、热分析法(主要用差热分析法)、电阻抗图谱法以及核磁共振显微镜图谱法和可视+近红外线光谱法等。并简介了这些测定方法的适用性和抗寒性测定方法的研究展望。

Low temperature is plant distribution. Frost damag plant growth and development. one of e is one the of the mai Frost hardiness environmental limiting factors for woody n low temperature stresses affecting woody is defined as the ability of plants to withstand sub-freezing temperatures without sustaining significant damage. Obtaining the correct information of changes in frost hardiness in different stages of the annual growth cycle for woody plants is extremely important for a tree species or a variety, as well as for the cultivation potential evaluations. Such information can be achieved by means of various methods of measuring frost hardiness. Reliable methods for estimation of frost hardiness are needed in breeding and selection work as well as in studying the mechanisms of frost injury and cold acclimation. Frost hardiness is usually measured by exposing plant tissues or organs to controlled freezing temperatures, then quantifying tissue damage by one or more methods. In this paper, the mechanisms, procedures, and the advantages and disadvantages of different methods applied recently abroad are introduced in detail. These methods involved are （i） whole-plant freeze testing, （ii） electrolyte leakage, （iii） chlorophyll fluorescence, （iv） thermal analysis （mainly the differential thermal analysis）, （v） electrical impedance spectroscopy, and （vi） nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy, as well as visible ＋ near infrared spectroscopy. The suitability of these methods and the research prospects of methods for measuring frost hardiness are given briefly. According to the definition of Steponkus and Lanphear （1967）, an ideal method of testing for frost hardiness “should eliminate bias associated with visual observations, be based on a quantitative system that could be analyzed statistically, utilize small quantities of tissue, be relatively quick, and be capable of predicting the future performance of the plant”. However, until now there is no such an ideal method for measuring frost hardiness. To achieve such an ideal method, the studies based on the existing methods and the development of a new method without a controlled freezing test are great challenges for frost hardiness researchers.