学龄前儿童气质与行为的相关性研究

Relativity analysis of temperament and behavior of preschool children

目的:探讨儿童气质与行为的相关性,预防儿童行为问题的发生。方法:采用随机整群抽样,用《中国3~7岁儿童气质测查量表》和Achenbach儿童行为量表对市区736名在园儿童进行调查,并进行Logistic回归分析。结果:不同气质类型行为问题的发生率依次为:麻烦型69.6%、中间偏烦型57.6%、发动缓慢型47.1%、中间偏易型39.1%、平易型25.2%,其行为问题发生率有显著性差异(2χ=59.405,P=0.000)。退缩与活动水平、适应性、心境相关;躯体主诉与心境相关;焦虑/抑郁与适应性、心境相关;社交问题与趋避性、适应性、心境相关;思维问题与适应性、反应强度相关;注意问题与活动水平、适应性相关;攻击行为与活动水平、适应性、心境相关;违纪与活动水平、趋避性、适应性、注意分散相关;性问题与适应性相关。结论:不同的气质类型行为问题发生率不同;行为因子的异常与气质维度相关。开展气质测查,预测儿童的行为问题,并根据不同气质特征采取适当的教育方式,对预防行为问题的发生具有重要意义。

Objective： To study on the relativity between temperament and behavior of preschool children in order to prevent the happening of children behavior problem. Methods： Random cluster sampling using Chinese preschool Child temperament scale and the Aehenbach＇s child behavior check list among 736 preschool children who were chosen from eight kindergartens. Results： The incidence rates of behavioral problems of differment temperament types are as following： Difficult 69. 6%, Intermediate - high 57. 6% , Slow - to - warm - up 47. 1% , Intermediate -low 39. 1% , Easy 25. 2%. We can find that the incidence rates of children behavioral pn^blems are remarkable different （χ^2 = 59. 405, P = 0. 000） . With drawing correlates with activity level, adaptability and quality of mood. Complain of body correlates with quality of mood. Anxiety/Depression correlates with adaptability and quality of mood. Social problem correlates with approach - withdrawal, adaptability and quality of mood. Thinking problem correlates with adaptability and intensity of reaction. Attentive problem correlates with activity level and adaptability. Aggression correlates with activity level, adaptability and quality of mood. Disobedient problem correlates with activity level, approach - withdrawal, adaptability and distractibility. Sexual problem correlates with adaptability. Conclusion： The incidence rates of behavioral problems among different temperament types are difference. Abnormal behavioral factor correlates with the temperament dimensions. It is important to do some investigation on temperament of preschool children. This will help us to prevision behavioral problem of preschool children and use suitable educational method scoring to different temperament dimensions.