回溯式时距估计的年龄差异

The Age-related Difference of Time Estimation in the Retrospective Paradigm

采用回溯式实验范式探讨时距估计的年龄差异。以9s为目标时距,通过操纵目标时距内呈现刺激的数量(4或7个数字或字母)(实验一)和分割的数量(1或4个分割数)(实验二),比较两个年龄组估计时距的差异。实验结果表明存在显著的年龄差异。存储容量对年老被试时距估计的影响可以在于较慢的加工速度,而分割数量的影响可能与年老被试对情节记忆信息的编码和提取的失败有关,其根本原因可能在于年老被试在加工刺激时无法抑制与任务无关的信息,从而导致比年轻组编码更多的背景信息或者无法提取背景信息,产生不同实验条件下结果的差异。

The aim of the research is to explore the age-related difference of time estimation in the retrospective paradigm. In Experiment One, the subjects were asked to estimate the duration of 9s, which contained 4 or 7 letters or digits. In Experiment Two, the subjects were asked to estimation the duration, which was segmented into 1 or 4 parts by the higher priority event. The results showed that the age-related difference was significant. The findings revealed that the older subjects could not inhibit the irrelevant information.