厦门鹭类集群营巢地分布及其生境特性的研究

The Distribution and Habitat Characteristics of Heronries in Xiamen

2003年厦门境内分布有10个鹭类集群营巢地,营巢地鹭类平均数量1 918±567只.其中,白鹭、夜鹭、池鹭和牛背鹭繁殖群的平均数量分别为1 721±518,99±25,87±31和11±9.9只.营巢地的鹭类营巢密度平均为0.98±0.14(巢/m2).鹭类营巢地形成的最早时间为2月,最迟为5月.厦门的鹭类营巢地数量存在着变化,近5年共丧失6个鹭类营巢地,其中,营巢地林区发生火灾和工程建设土地需要各占50%的诱因.关键因子分析结果表明,营巢地受保护程度、营巢地植被、人为干扰程度以及营巢地与湿地的距离是影响鹭类集群营巢地分布的主要环境因素.因此,在鹭类营巢地管理工作中,应当重点保护营巢地的上述环境特征,同时重视防火工作.

In 2003,10 heronries were found in Xiamen. The mean population size of Ardeidae in the heronries was 1 918±567,in which the mean population size of Little Egret （Egretta garzetta ）, Night Heron （Nyctycoraz nyctycoraz）, Chinese Pond Heron （Ardeola bacchus） and Cattle Egret （Bubulcus ibis） was 1 7215±518,995±25,875±31 and 115±9.9 respectively. The mean nest density in the heronries was 0.98 5±0.14（nest/m^2）. The formation of heronry was earliest in Febutary and latest in May. The amount of the heronries in Xiamen was varied. In last five years,6 heronries were lost in Xiamen,in which the accident of fire and the substitution of artificial buildings were account for the 50% causes of their lost. The key factor analysis showed that the protection of heronry, the vegetation of heronry, the human disturbance on heronry,and the distance between heronry and wetland, were the key habitat factors determining the distribution of heronries, which, together with the fire prevention,should be the highlight in the conservation of heronries.