表土结皮发育过程及其侵蚀响应研究进展

Summarization on Study of Soil Surface Crust or Sealing and Its Effects on Erosion

表土结皮是降雨后某些土壤表面普遍存在的现象,它是在降雨与土壤的相互作用下发育的;本文在综览大量文献的基础上,得出表土结皮研究还存在着很多有待深入的领域。一方面,由于影响降雨、土壤的因子复杂多变,因此表土结皮本身的形成过程很复杂,研究者的结论也有所不同。另一方面,表土结皮作为一种特殊的下垫面,影响坡面侵蚀的各子过程,但是影响机理还不清楚。表土结皮对坡面侵蚀过程的影响研究已经取得了一些定性方面的进展,但为了完善坡面侵蚀物理模型和达到准确的预报预测,定量研究还有待进一步深入和细化。

Soil surface crust/sealing is developed by the interaction of rainfall and soil; and it is a common phenomenon of many soils in many arid semi-arid areas. On the basis of collecting materials and studying many papers, the authors not only focus on reviewing the study of mechanism, process, key factors such as soil characteristics, and rainfall characteristics of soil surface crust or sealing, but also pay attention to summarizing the impacts of soil surface crust or sealing on infiltration, soil erosion that includes splash erosion, anti-erosion capability and rill erosion, crop yield and so on. Then the authors conclude there are also many uncertainties about soil surface or sealing. On the one hand, rainfall and soil factors vary very much, so the developing process of soil surface crust/sealing is very complex, making the conclusions of researchers different from each other. On the other hand, soil surface crust/sealing is a special interface, so it affects the process of slope surface erosion. The qualitative analysis on the effects of surface crust/sealing has achieved some progress; however, in order to clarify the mechanism and perfect the model of slope surface erosion and precisely predict the erosion, it needs further quantitative analysis such as the impact of soil surface crust or sealing on splash-erosion rate, differentiation of impact of soil surface crust or sealing by different intensity, and interactive impact between soil surface crust or sealing and rill erosion.