三峡库区水环境问题及保护对策

Problems of water environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region and its countermeasures

采用单因子指数法对三峡库区进行地表水水质评价,结果表明:三峡库区(长江、嘉陵江、乌江)水质总体保持Ⅱ～Ⅲ类标准,无明显恶化趋势;但次级河流污染严重,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类水质的断面数仅占48%,水质较差.对研究区水环境存在的主要问题及形成原因作了剖析,指出工业污水、固体废物、水土流失、生活垃圾、农业非点源污染是造成近年来水环境污染加重的主要原因,市政水处理设施严重滞后也是造成库区水环境质量改善缓慢的主要原因.提出了三峡库区可持续水环境保护的对策.

The evaluation on surface water with single-factor-index method shows that the water quality keeps Ⅱ-Ⅲ level of water quality standard in most section of the Yangtze River, Jialing River and Wujiang River of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, and there occurs no obvious tendency of deterioration. But pollution in some secondary rivers is serious, and only 48 % of the total cross-sections have the water quality of Ⅰ , Ⅱ , or -Ⅲ level of water quality standard. The problems and causes of the water environment were thoroughly analyzed, and the main factors resulting in serious water pollution in recent years were pointed out, including industrial wastewater, solid wastes, soil erosion, domestic rubbish and agricultural non-point source pollution. The lagging of municipal water treatment equipments is also an important factor that impedes the improvement of water environment. Finally, countermeasures were put forward in order to protect the water environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region.