飞机草在广东的分布、危害及化学成分预试

Distribution, mischief and preliminary chemical analysis of Eupatorium odoratum Linn in Guangdong

通过资料检索和实地调查,对飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum Linn)在广东的分布及其危害进行了调查,利用试管分项提取法和圆形纸层析法,进行了飞机草化学成分预试。结果表明,飞机草在广东的分布很广泛,湛江市尤为突出,成为严重危害当地生态的恶性杂草。其危害主要是抢夺其他植物的生存空间和土壤营养,具有化感作用,破坏植物多样性,使生态平衡遭到破坏,还能使人畜和鱼中毒。飞机草的化学成分主要包括挥发油、黄酮类、皂甙、氨基酸、酚性成分和鞣质,未检出文献记载的糖类、香豆素、谷甾醇和生物碱类成分。

The distribution and mischief of Enpatorium odoratum Linn in Guangdong were investigated theoretically and by on-site inspection. Its crude chemical components were preliminarily examined by test of subentry extracting in cuvette and test of thin layer chromatography on round paper. It was found that E. odoratum abundantly distributes in almost every city of Guangdong province, especially standing out in Zhangjiang, that its mischief includes invading and occupying living space and grabing soil nutrition of neighbor plants, allelopathy, destroying botanic diversity and ecosystem balance as well as causing human, animals and fish poisoning, etc, and that E. odoratum mainly contained volatile oils, flavone, saponin, amino acids, phenols and tannic acids but there were no carbohydrates, coumarin, sitosterol and alkaloids in E. odoratum recorded in literatures.