雷州半岛旱地砖红壤非点源氮、磷淋溶损失模拟研究

The leaching of non-point source N and P from latosol in dry land of Leizhou peninsula

大量施用化学肥料所引起的养分淋失和环境污染正逐渐受到人们的重视。通过土柱模拟氮、磷素养分淋溶试验,研究了不同施肥处理下砖红壤氮、磷素淋溶损失特点。试验结果表明,随着尿素用量的增加,渗漏水中NH4+-N质量浓度和TN淋失量也相应增加,而NO3--N的质量浓度变化幅度较大,渗漏水中氮素淋失形态主要是以NO3--N为主。由于土壤磷素很难移动,所以TP累积淋失量非常少,氮、磷肥混施对非点源氮、磷素的淋失都有影响,其中过量磷肥配合尿素施用可以增加土壤中NH4+-N、NO3--N、TN的淋失程度。

The non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss and environmental pollution hazards due to the application of large amount of fertilizers have been increasingly emphasized. The leaching characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and their effects on ground water quality were investigated through soil column nitrogen and phosphorus leaching experiments. The results indicated that the leaching concentration of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen were related to the quantity of nitrogen fertilizer input, however, the diverse ranges of the nitrate concentration were large, and the conformation of leaching nitrogen mostly was NO3^- -N. The leaching of total phosphorus was less because phosphorus was difficult to release. The input of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers together have influence on the non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus leaching, and excessive application of phosphorus fertilizer can increase the leaching of NH4^＋-N, NO3^--N, and TN.