冰厚变化的现场监测现状和研究进展

States and advances in monitor of ice thickness change

根据湖河海冰、冰川冰资源与环境中的自然科学问题及冬季冰区结构物安全运行管理中的工程科学问题对冰厚度时空变化资料的要求,总结了现行冰厚度变化过程监测方法的适用范围和优缺点。强调目前所获数据因连续监测时间短,精度达不到毫米级,对建立和检验冰物质平衡同环境条件的预报模式提供不了强有力的支持。为此发展了新的冰厚度变化过程监测方法,它们包括直接探测冰层界面位置的接触式和利用气、冰、水电导率差异的标尺式高精度冰、雪层生消过程自动监测设备。详细描述了它们的工作原理、研究进展、适用范围和在极地海冰以及国内河冰实践获得的初步结果。

Based on the requirement of the ice thickness change, in the natural science space and time, about the resources and environments of lake, fiver, sea and glacier ices and in the engineering science, the structures safe operation of the ice infested waters in winter, the advantages, the drawbacks and the favorable situations of the ice thickness measurements with the modem techniques are summarized. The obtained data lack the long time monitoring, and their accurate cannot reach the stndard, mm, so these data cannot support the set-up or modification of the forecast model for ice mass balance in different environments. Therefore some new techniques for ice thickness changes are developed. They are direct contacing equipment for interfaces in an ice sheet, and the rulers for measuring air, ice and water＇s electric conductivity. These methods can obtain the higher accuracy the ice and snow＇s freezing and melting processes. This paper gives their work principle, the research advances, the useful case of ice conditions and the preliminary results from the practice in the ice of the polar sea and inland rivers.