相对丰水地区水资源合理配置研究——以四川绵阳市为例

Study on Water Resources Rational Allocation in Relative Water Resources Abundant Region:Case Study at Mianyang City in Sichuan Province

我国水资源合理配置研究主要集中于水资源匮乏的北方地区,相对丰水地区的水资源合理配置研究较少,随着社会经济的发展,丰水地区的水质污染日趋严重,造成丰水地区水质型缺水及生态环境恶化等问题。本文根据水资源合理配置的目的和基本原则,建立相对丰水地区水资源合理配置模型,该模型不仅进行河道外水量配置,同时还要保证航运和良好的河道生态环境。首先进行研究区不同河道的水功能区划,制定水质标准,然后预测生活和工业污染物排放量和入河量,进行纳污能力计算,确定河道最小需求流量,将其引入到水资源合理配置模型中,并以全国节水型试点城市———四川省绵阳市为例进行了应用研究。结果表明2010年涪江江油城区段、绵阳城区段、安昌河和芙蓉溪河段最小需求流量分别为30·5m3/s、52·5m3/s、5·10m3/s和2·34m3/s、通过加强节水、水利工程的建设和合理配置河道内和河道外需水,2010年绵阳市缺水问题基本可以解决,但芙蓉溪河段满足不了河道最小流量需求,本文通过水资源合理配置模型分析,提出了相应的生态工程措施和补水方案,保证河道内需水和良好的水环境需求。

The study on water resources rational allocation has been primarily laid on the north of China, where water resources shortage is very severely, however, little has been done in the relative water resources abundant regions. With the fast growing of society and economic, water pollution, as a result, water shortage and ecology deterioration has been rather severe in abundant water resources regions,. By estimating the contaminative quantity of discharging that enters rivers in the study region and water environment capacity, the paper calculates the minimum water requirement for riverway and take into account as a part of water resources rational allocation model in relatively water abound regions. As a case study, the paper develops this model in Mianyang city in Sichuan Province, which is also an experimental city to develop water conservation society. The modelling results show water shortage could be addressed in 2010,but water quality is still aggravating in part of the reaches. The paper suggests it is necessary to develop ecological engineering and projects to maintain favorable water environment inner the riverway.