垄作对旱作农田油菜生长发育的影响研究

Field observation about the influence of ridge tillage on the growth of rape in rainfed cropland

通过田间定位试验,研究了不同结构的垄作和平作对旱作农田油菜植株高度、叶面积指数、地上生物量及产量的影响,并运用生长分析法对不同耕作措施下油菜植株高度日增长率、地上生物量的绝对增长率和相对增长率进行了对比分析。结果表明:盛花期以前,平作的油菜植株高度、叶面积指数、地上生物量的绝对和相对增长速率比垄作的大,而自盛花期至成熟期,均低于垄作。由于油菜植株密度较低,除T4外垄作下生长季末单位土地面积的地上生物量、生殖器官干物质重、实际产量和理论产量均低于平作。而T4(垄脊高25cm,垄高与垄沟宽之比为1/24)比其它结构的垄作和平作更有利于油菜的生长发育和产量的提高,是旱作农田作物垄沟种植时较为适宜的垄作方式。

Field experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of ridge tillage with different structures and flat tillage on the growing indexes of rape, such as plant height, leaf area index （LAI）, aboveground biomass, and yield. By using plant growth analysis, the growing rate of plant height, and the absolute growth rate （AGR） and relative growth rate （RGR） of aboveground biomass under different tillage measures were compared. The results indicated that during the earlier period of growing season, the plant height of rape under flat tillage was larger than that under ridge tillage, while during the flowering and green ripening stage, the plant height under ridge tillage increased faster, and LAI, AGR and RGR were much larger than that under flat tillage. Due to lower plant density under ridge tillage, the aboveground biomass, and the real and theoretical yield under ridge tillage were smaller than that under flat tillage in the end of growing season except for T4. And the treatment T4（ridge height. 25 cm, the ratio of ridge height to spacing between adjacent ridges. 1/24） was superior in promoting growing ana increasing yield to other ridge tillage structures and flat tillage. So it is a suitable cultivation measure for rape production in rainfed cropland.