长期定位施肥对土壤质量影响的因子分析

Factor analysis on the influence of long-term fertilization to soil quality indicators

自1991至今,在新疆阜康荒漠生态站进行长期定位施肥试验,对灰漠土上9种不同施肥处理后土壤的15项理化指标进行了测试。结果表明,不同处理后土壤的理化性质差异较大,说明不同施肥方式有各自的优缺点;并用SPSS统计软件,采用因子分析的方法对实验结果进行综合分析:由于前三个主分量的累积贡献率达到88.9%,15个评价指标被划分为三个主分量,第一主分量为影响作物产量的有机质(氮)矿化有关的供氮指标,第二主分量为影响钾的容量指标,第三主分量为土壤的磷素指标。并根据因子综合得分得出:施用N2P2K、N1P1K+秸秆、N1P1K+猪粪对改良灰漠土的效果最好,是本区应大力推广的施肥方式。

The long-term located experiment has been conducted on the grey desert soil in the Fukang Desert- Ecology Station in Xinjiang since 1991 with the purpose to investigate the dynamic changes of 15 indicators of soil quality. The results showed that there were great differences of physical and chemical characters among different treatments. Through principal components analysis, three factors were determined for 88. 9% of the variance interpretation. The 15 evaluation indicators could be divided into 3 principal components ： the first was organic matter mineralization factor which had a positive loading on nutrition level, enzyme activity and crop yield; the second was soil potassium factor which had a positive loading on total K, available K, CEC and urease activity; the third was soil phosphorus factor which had a positive loading on total P and available P. According to the comprehensive factor scores, the effect of combination application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers were superior to single chemical fertilizers in improving the activities of soil enzyme and nutrients.