喷灌和地面灌溉条件下冬小麦的生长过程差异分析

Analysis on the growth of winter wheat under sprinkler and surface irrigation conditions

采用作物生长分析的方法,研究了喷灌和地面灌溉条件下冬小麦生长动态的变化规律.结果表明:与对照地面灌溉相比,在分蘖～抽穗期,喷灌条件下冬小麦的生物产量较小,抽穗后,喷灌有利于植株对干物质的积累,成熟时其生物产量比地面灌溉条件下高8.9%;在分蘖～拔节期,净同化率较低,孕穗～成熟期比地面灌溉高15.7%～30.9%;从第一次灌水处理至成熟,群体生长率平均比地面灌溉高10.1%;在生长前期(分蘖～孕穗期)叶面积指数增长较慢,在生长后期(抽穗～成熟期)叶面积指数衰减率低,从而使生长后期的叶面积持续时间比地面灌溉高15.5 d.综上所述,喷灌对冬小麦群体生长的影响具有前控后促的特点,其生长优势主要表现在生长后期.考种结果显示,喷灌条件下冬小麦的结实率、千粒重、产量分别较地面灌溉提高了5.9%、 2.8%、 11.3%,二者差异显著.

Based on plant growth analysis theory, this paper studied the plant growth characteristics of winter wheat under sprinkler and surface irrigation conditions. The results were as follows： Compared with surface irrigation, the total biomass of winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation was lower during tillering to heading stage, while it increased faster after heading stage and became 8.9% higher at mature stage; Its net assimilation rate was lower during tillering to jointing stage, while it was 15.7%-30. 9% higher during booting to mature stage than that under surface irrigation; Its average crop growth rate after the first time of irrigation was 10.1% higher than that under surface irrigation; Its growth rate of leaf area index was lower during early growing period, and its decay rate of leaf area index was lower during later growing period, which led to 15.5 days longer in leaf area duration. Consequently, winter wheat grown under sprinkler irrigation showed an obvious superiority over surface irrigation in plant growth during the later growing period. The results of yield component analysis showed that the seed setting percentage, 1000-grain weight and grain yield of winter wheat under sprinkler irrigation was increased by 5.9%, 2.8% and 11.3%, respectively, compared with that under surface irrigation, and the differences between them were significant.