铊的分布、存在形式与环境危害

DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRING FORMS OF THALLIUM AND ITS POTENTIAL DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENTS

铊(Tl)是一种分散元素,Tl在变质岩中的平均含量一般为0.65 μg/g,在沉积岩中的含量一般为0.1～3.0 μg/g,而在火山岩中含量一般为0.05～1.5 μg/g,但在花岗岩中可达到3.2 μg/g.Tl的显著矿化特征就是在硫化物矿床中形成Tl-As-Hg-Sb-S元素共生组合.迄今为止有报道发现的Tl矿物有53种,其中多数为Tl的硫化物矿物和硫盐矿物,在表生地球化学作用下Tl很容易被释放出来,而成为一种潜在的环境危害.

Thallium （TI） is a toxic metal that is widely distributed and dispersed in natural environments. The average concentrations of TI in metamorphic rocks are 0.65μg/g; 0.1～3.0μg/g in sedimentary rocks, and 0.05 - 1.5μg/g in igneous rocks, against a higher value of up to 3.2μg/g in granites. The typical mineralization characteristics of TI are reflected by the formation of TI-As-Hg-Sb-S association in sulfide deposits. There are a total of 54 Tl-bearing minerals already identified in the world, and most of them are Tl-sulfide minerals and Tl-sulfosalt minerals. Thallium is easy to release in the process of supergene geochemistry and would become a potential damage to the environment.