深井、超深井和复杂结构井垂直钻井技术

Vertical Drilling Technologies in Deep, Ultra-Deep, and Complex Structure Wells

垂直钻井是当今世界性钻井难题之一,它具有减少套管层次和套管尺寸、提高机械钻速、减少钻柱事故的优点。常用的塔式钻具、钟摆钻具、满眼钻具、偏轴钻具、压不弯钻铤、铰接钻具和旋冲钻具等均属于被动防斜技术,不能满足深井、超深井和复杂结构井直井段垂直钻井的要求,尤其不能满足在高陡构造与大倾角等易斜地层和自然造斜能力强的条件下钻垂直井的要求。近10年来发展的旋转导向钻井技术及工具,在一定程度上解决了垂直钻井所遇到的问题,也是当前解决垂直钻井这一世界性难题最有效的技术方案。重点介绍了以PowerV为代表的旋转导向自动闭环钻井系统的结构及现场应用情况。

Vertical drilling is one of the drilling challenges encountered worldwide which can simplify casing program and reduce casing sizes, improve the ROP and decrease drillstring accidents. Commonly used taper drills, pendulum drills, full-hole drills, bias-axis drills, rigid drill collar, hinge-connecting drills, and rotarypounding drills all are part of passive angle-preventing techniques which can not meet demands for vertical drilling in deep, ultra-deep, and complex wells. Rotary steerable techniques and tools developed over the past 10 years have solved to a certain extent the problems encountered during vertical drilling, and have been regarded as the most effective solutions to such problems at present. Taking PowerV as an example, this paper focuses on its design and applications of a steerable automatic close-loop drilling system.