从土司的军事制度看壮族武术的发展

The Development of Martial Art in Zhuang Nationality

广西壮族地区的土司制度大约开始于北宋时期,历时千年,是壮族发展史上非常重要的阶段。而土司职官为了维护自己的利益和巩固统治,便组建自己的武装,称之为“土兵”,以便安土保境。这些土兵亦兵亦农,闲时耕田种地积蓄粮草,战时服从官府和土司的征调。土司的这种军事制度完全是当时特定环境下的产物,它对壮族武术的影响无论是表现形式、技击原理还是兵法战术思想都发生了根本的变化。当时又是中原武术和各民族武术的融合时期,武术得到了空前的大发展,这对壮族武术流派的形成与发展,影响是巨大的。

The system of Tusi in Zhuang Area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region began in the North Song Dynasty with a history of about one thousand years. It was a very important phase in the development of Zhuang nationality. The Tusi （the head of local community） formed their own army to protect their interests and to strengthen their rule. This army is called “Tubing” （local soldiers）. Those Tubing were both soldiers and farmers. When there was no war, they were farming in the fields but they were called together by Tusi when they were needed in the war. This system had a heavy influence both on the form principles of fighting of martial art of Zhuang people and on the strategy of war.