北京市室外空气真菌分布特征

Ecological Distributions of Airborne Fungi in Outdoor Environments in Beijing,China

通过定点取样研究北京市空气真菌的种类组成,浓度特征及其动态变化规律.监测结果表明,北京市空气真菌平均浓度为(1164.8±73.2)CFU·m-3,浓度变异很大,变化范围为23.6～13959.5CFU·m-3.空气中优势真菌为枝孢属(Cladosporium)、青霉属(Penicillium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)和无孢菌(non-sporing),其中枝孢属是绝对优势真菌,浓度约占真菌总浓度的1/3以上.文教区和公园绿地空气真菌浓度夏季和秋季较高,春季和秋季较低,而交通干线空气真菌浓度4季变化趋势不明显.文教区和公园绿地空气真菌浓度明显高于交通干线(p＜0.05),文教区和公园绿地之间则没有显著差异.

An investigation on fungal types, concentrations, and their dynamic variation in outdoor environments was carried out in three different functional areas around one year in Beijing. Results show that the fungal concentrations varied widely and the average was （1164.8±73.2） CFU·m^-3, ranging from 23.6CFU·m^-3 to 13 959.5 CFU·m^-3. The most common culturable airborne fungi in all seasons and all functional areas were Cladosporium, nonspornlating fungi, Alternaria, Penicillium and Aspergillus. The most dominant fungus was Cladosporium, which contributed to more than 1/3 of the total. The fungal levels in culture and education region （CER） and garden green region （GGR） were highest in the fall and summer, and lowest in the winter and spring, while the seasonal variation in main traffic line （MTL） was not significant. The fungal concentrations in CER and GGR were significantly higher than in MTL （p〈0.05）. No statistically significant difference exists between CER and GGR.