草·鲢·鳙和青鱼形态及其生长发育的比较研究

Study on the Growth and Development of Grass Carp,Silver Carp,Bighead and Black Carp

对产于安徽省无为县水产养殖场的草、鲢、鳙和青鱼品种的体征特性和生长发育规律进行了测定和研究.结果显示,所测定4种鱼不同生长发育阶段的体尺体重的种内差异较小,显示出种群比较整齐;4种鱼体尺生长满足方程y=alnx+b,体重生长满足方程y=axb,相关指数达0.9以上;鳙鱼在1～2龄和2龄～后备阶段体尺体重的生长强度比草鱼和鲢鱼在同阶段的大,鲢鱼体高在3个阶段均表现为生长弱势,但草鱼的这种弱势在后备～亲鱼阶段得到了弥补,成为生长强点;草鱼随着年龄的增长丰满度呈现逐渐下降的趋势,每个阶段大约下降0.8～1.0个单位,青鱼虽然下降但幅度较小,而鲢鱼(1.82～1.98个单位)和鳙鱼(1.93～2.10个单位)全期基本保持不变;体长指数随着年龄的增长均表现下降的趋势,直到亲鱼草鱼和青鱼保持在1.147～1.148,而鲢鱼和鳙鱼保持在1.097～1.106,表明体长相对全长在不断增加;4种鱼的体指数以草鱼、青鱼、鳙鱼和鲢鱼的次序逐渐减小,其体指数随着年龄的增长而增大;体宽指数和体深指数则较为稳定,鳙鱼的头长指数明显大于其他鱼.

The character of growth and development in morphology of Grass Carp （GC）, Silver Carp （SC）, Bighead （BH） and Black Carp （BC） from Wuwei County Aquatic Pisciculture Farm of Anhui province was analyzed. The result showed that the differences among GC, SC, BH and BC body size and weight within population of different age-stage were smaller. The growth formulation of four fish breeds with R^2 〉 0.90 was in body size （y） and in body weight （y）, in which x was foe age. The growth intensity of body size and weight of BH at 1 to 2 and 2 to replacement age-stage was higher than that of GC and SC. The growth intensity of height at back-fin of SC at three age-stage was smaller, but the growth intensity of GC at replacement to adult age- stage was higher than other＇s. With age, the fullness of GC presented a decreasing trend with 0.8 to 1.0 a age-stage, but BC were smaller, SC （1.82 to 1.98） and BH （ 1.93 to 2.10） were immovable at whole age - stage. The body length index of all breeds showed decreasing trend with age as far as 1.147 to 1. 148 of GC and BC at adult age-stage, and 1.097 to 1.106 of SC and BH. It showed that the body length was gradually increasing. The body indexes of GC, BC, BH and SC presented a deceasing trend in order, but the body indexes of all breeds was gradually increasing with age, and the indexes of body width and body deoth immovable.The head length index of BH was significantly bigger than other breeds＇.