现代西方经济学发展中的“存异”与“趋同”

On the "Reserving Differences"and "Seeking Common Grounds"in the Development of Western Contemporary Economics

现代西方经济学在20世纪取得了巨大的进展,在此过程中,呈现出理论和政策方面明显的“存异”和“趋同”现象。“存异”主要体现在国家干预主义和经济自由主义理论与政策取向之间的互不相容,“趋同”表现为两者之间互相吸收对方合理的理论并进行综合。“存异”和“趋同”与西方经济学发展过程中两大“转换”有着必然的历史联系。20世纪30年代的经济大萧条促成经济理论的第一次大转换,即由新古典经济学向凯恩斯经济学转换。20世纪70年代西方出现的“滞胀”又促成凯恩斯国家干预主义的衰落。自20世纪80年代至今,新古典学派和新凯恩斯学派互相接近,形成西方经济学“趋同”的发展方向。了解当代西方经济学基本的发展]变趋势,有助于对其理论主张和政策的时效性形成清醒的认识,同时把握其今后的发展方向。

There appeared the phenomenon of ＂seeking common grounds while reserving differences＂ in the development of Western contemporary economics in 20^th century. ＂Seeking differences＂ reflects itself in the inconsistency between the country interventionism and economic liberalism. ＂Seeking common grounds＂ refleets itself in the mutual absorbance between each other. Its combination with Western economic slump promoted the first transformation from the new classical economics to Kains economics. And the stagflation in the 70s of 20^th century leads to the declination of Kains country interventionism. Since then, the two schools close to each other to lead to the trend of ＂seeking common grounds＂. By grasping the evolution trend of Western contemporary economics and their theories and policies we can predict the development course.