旅游地空间商品化的形式与影响研究——以云南省丽江古城为例

A Study on the Form and Impact of the Destination's Spatial Commoditization:——With Lijiang Ancient Town as A Case Study

20世纪70年代法国学者亨利·勒菲弗尔(HenriLefebvre)提出“空间生产理论”,认为空间是在人类主体的有意识活动中被不断生产出来的。如果以勒菲弗尔(Lefebvre)空间生产概念为分析工具,旅游地空间也是在发展旅游业刺激民众消费、获取经济效益等社会背景下被创造、生产出来的。人们以符号的制造与运用赋予地方价值,再把地方意象赋予实质可消费物品,提高商品的交换价值。旅游生产系统通过销售“地方”,获取多重服务与消费之后的利润;游客则借由消费内含了丰富地方意象的物质商品和服务而消费地方。文章以社会学和旅游研究中的分析概念为工具,以丽江古城为案例,尝试分析在具有自然或文化特性的旅游地地方符号被应用于商品消费的具体方式,以及具公共性的观光空间,如何被纳入到私人商品消费的范畴,并由此探究旅游地空间商品化的过程以及空间商品化对当地社会文化的影响,希望对今天的地方旅游规划和文化保护工作有所帮助。

In the 1970s, French scholar Henri Lefebvre put forward ＂spatial production theory＂, and held that space stems from human＇s conscious activities. Taken Lefebvre＇s conception of the spatial production as analytic tools, the space of the destinations was also created and produced under the social background of the development of tourism, the stimulation of mass consumption and the gain of the economic profit. Human values the destination by producing and using symbol, and then endues the consumable with the image of the destination, so as to improve the commodities＇ value of exchange. The productive system of destination obtains the profit of services and consumption; while tourists consume the commodities and services as well as the destination. This paper takes Lijiang Town as an example, and tries to analyze specific form of local symbol used in the consumption of commodities and how the public tour landscapes are brought into the category of personal consumption in those destinations with natural and cultural identity. And further study is about the process of the destinations＇ spatial commodification and the impact on local social-cultural of spatial commoditization. The purpose of this paper is to give some suggestions for tourism planning and cultural protection.