均衡选址方法研究

An Equilibrium Method for Facility Location

本文首次利用聚类分析将给定地区的消费者的空间分布表示成一个加权层次聚类图,为选址研究开辟了一条新途径。在此基础上,通过分析垄断企业和消费者的行为,提出了如何求解垄断企业提供的均衡的多个设施所在的区域及设施数目的新方法。文章认为,均衡的设施数目不仅受企业要保证的设施覆盖率的影响,而且也受消费者愿意行走的最大距离的限制。当设施覆盖率不变时,随着消费者愿意行走的最大距离的增加,设施数目减少,覆盖率不会减少,常会增加;当消费者愿意行走的最大距离不变时,随着设施覆盖率的降低,设施数目不会减少,常会增加。覆盖率和最大距离的增加,有助于减少均衡的设施数目。

In this paper we use the cluster analysis to express the spatial distribution of consumers as a weighted hierarchical cluster tree which is a new approach to facility location. Based on the tree, the behaviors of both consumers and the monopolistic firm are examined in a given area and then we propose a procedure for determining the equilibrium number of facilities provided by the firm and the sites for the facilities. It is found that the equilibrium number of facilities is affected by the least consumer cover rate of facility the firm wants to obtain and by the maximal distance the consumers are willing to go. However, the equilibrium number of facilities decreases when the cover rate or the distance increases. The method in this paper can be used to choose sites not only for retailing networks, but also for logistics networks, financial service networks, hospitals and schools in a given area.