构音障碍儿童的辅音声母偏误分析

The Analysis of Consonant Errors in Children with Articulation Disorder

由于辅音的发音难度远大于元音,因此构音障碍儿童辅音的发音偏误率非常高。在对11名构音障碍儿童1554人次的普通话和沪语样本分析发现:从发音方法看,样本中以塞音/擦音/塞擦音的区别偏误比例最高,其次为浊音/清音的偏误,再次为送气/不送气的偏误;从发音部位看,样本中以舌根音的失误率最高,其次为舌尖前音和舌面音,再次为唇齿音,而双唇音和舌尖中音的偏误率最低。虽然舌尖后音的偏误率高达53.41%,但其只存在于普通话音系中。另外,构音障碍儿童还存在部分辅音声母的脱落。究其原因,是由于构音障碍儿童的社会认知能力差而造成交际目标低下、音系认知能力不足,以及因发音器官紧张度不够造成的构音功能和自我监控能力不足。

More consonant errors have occurred in the pronunciation of the children with articulation disorders, because it is more difficult to pronounce consonants than vowels. Through the analysis of the mandarin and Shanghai dialect samples of 11 children with articulation disorder （1554 person- times）, we can find that in the view of the way to pronounce, the error rate of the plosives and the affricates is the highest, that of the surds and the sonant is in the second place, that of the aspirated and non - aspirated consonants is in the third place ; in the view of pronunciation parts, the error rate of velars is the highest, that of dentals and the palatals is in the second place, that of labiodental is in the third place while the error rate of bilateral and apical is the lowest. Although the error rate of blade - palatals is as high as 53.41 %, the errors only exist in mandarin. Furthermore, the reductions of certain consonants also exist in the pronunciation of the children with articulation disorder. There are several reasons for the consonants errors in the children with articulation disorders： the low communicative targets and inadequate ability to recognize the phonetic system of the children with articulation disorders which are caused by their low social cognition ability, the limitation of the articulation function and of the self- momtoring ability due to the inadequate tensity of their speech organs.