认知语言学的翻译观

A Cognitive Linguistic View on Translation

经验论、唯理论和解释派哲学分别聚焦于交际的三个不同环节:作者、文本、读者,同时还产生了相对应的翻译观。这些理论过于偏重某一环节,似有以偏概全之不足。Lakoff和Johnson所倡导的体验哲学正好可修补这些理论之不足,而且也能对翻译作出一个较为全面的解释。本文尝试根据体验哲学和认知语言学的基本观点,拟构了翻译的认知语言学模式:翻译是以对现实世界体验为背景的认知主体所参与的多重互动为认知基础的,译者在透彻理解源语言(含古代语言)语篇所表达出的各类意义的基础上,尽量将其在目标语中映射转述出来,在译文中应着力勾画出原作者所欲描写的现实世界和认知世界, 须兼顾作者、文本、读者三个要素,倡导和谐翻译。

By focusing respectively on author, text and reader as the three key links in the process of communication, empiricism, rationalism and hermeneutics have offered three distinct views on translation. Since each of these views lays emphasis on just one key element of communication, they all suffer from partiality and one-sidedness. To this shared deficiency, what Lakoff ＆ Johnson have proposed as the embodied philosophy provides a remedy by making available a better explanation on translation. Utilizing basic ideas of the embodied philosophy and of cognitive linguistics in general, this paper attempts to construct a cognitive model of translation. Such a model sees translation in terms both of multiple interactions among subjects with differently embodied backgrounds and of a good mastery of the various meanings of the original discourse. These meanings then get mapped and re-expressed in the target language, resulting in the depiction of the reality world and the cognitive world. Taking into consideration all three factors （author, text, reader） in communication, this new model ensures the harmony in translation.