船体三维角度变形的自准直干涉测量方法

Autocollimation interferometry method for boats' three-dimensional distortion

以自准直原理基础,将光栅干涉原理引入,提出了一种能对船体三维变形测量的自准直干涉法。分析了测量三维角度变形的自准直干涉原理,并根据该原理设计了光学系统,系统主要包括两个主光路,自准直光路和光栅干涉光路,并且两路光部分共光路。自准直光路可以实现船体的二维测量;自准光栅的像和反射光栅干涉可测量船体的另一维变形,从而实现了船体三维变形的测量。给出了计算三维角变形的理论公式,最后进行了精度分析。试验结果表明,在±30′的视场范围内,系统精度达到2″,该方法不仅适用于船体也适用于其它物体三维角度变形的测量。

On the basis of autocollimation principle, combining with grating interference principle, a new autocollimation interferornetry method was put forward which can measure three-dimensional angular distortion. The measure principle was analyzed. Optical system was designed according to the principle. The system mainly included autocollimation optical path and grating interferometry optical path. Same optical path partly was used. Autocollimation optical path could realize boat＇s two-dimensional distortion measure. The image of autocollimation grating and reflective grating interfere each other and the boat＇ s the other distortion could be measured. So the system could measures boat＇s three-dimensional distortion. Calculation formula and precision analysis were provided. The test result indicated that the system precision reach 1.5＂in view field of ±30′. The method is suit to measure not only boat＇s three-dimensional angular distortion but also other objects.