资源开发与经济增长——以撒哈拉以南非洲产油国为例

Resources Exploitation and Economic Growth: With Oil Producing Sub-Saharan African Countries as Examples

“资源劫难”说解读了这样一种现象:那些拥有丰富自然资源的国家,它们的经济发展反而不如那些相对来说资源匮乏的国家。对于撒哈拉以南非洲产油国而言,资源开发既带来了短期经济增长率的快速提高,也产生了经济增长格局失衡、冲突频发、石油收入分配不公平等负面影响,其根本原因在于非洲国家政治根基不甚牢固、政府治理能力低下和发展政策失误等因素。有鉴于此,非洲国家在资源开发中,逐渐形成了新的“资源观”和“发展现”,充分发挥自然资源对国民经济发展的推动作用,进而实现减缓贫困、社会进步的战略目标。

There is a curious phenomenon that economists call “the Resource Curse”： those countries with rich natural resources are less well developed in economy than those ones with relatively inadequate natural resources. As far as oil producing subSaharan African countries are concerned, oil exploitation has had both positive and negative effects. On the one hand, it has brought about rapid short - term economic growth ; on the other hand, it has caused the Dutch Disease, frequent conflicts, unfair oil revenues and other consequences due to the various factors of instable political base, low level of government administrative capacity and wrong economic policies. In view of these facts, African countries have gradually shaped their new views of natural resources and development in the process of exploitation of their natural resources; they have been taking a lot of measures to make the best use of their natural resources so as to boost their national economic development and to realize the strategic goal of poverty reduction and social progress.